Leonid Nikolayevich Kolesnikov was a Soviet swimmer. He had his best achievements in breaststroke, winning a European title in the 200 m in 1958 and setting a world record in the 100 m breaststroke in 1961. He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics in the 400 m freestyle and 4×100 m medley relay and finished in fifth place in the relay, swimming the breaststroke leg.