The Civil War together with the Alexandrian War, African War, and Spanish War by other Hands.

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Historical background 11 Caesar – the man and his aims 19 The Civil War and the continuations 27 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE 31 TRANSLATOR'S NOTE 32 CAESAR: THE CIVIL WAR PART I: THE STRUGGLE BEGINS 1. Intransigence at Rome 35 2. Caesar reacts 38 3. The siege of Corfinium 43 4. Pompey leaves Italy 47 5. Caesar's Senate 51 6. Resistance at Massilia 53 7. The first Spanish campaign – Ilerda 55 8. A naval fight at Massilia 63 9. Spain – a war of attrition 65 10. The Pompeians capitulate 75 PART II: SECURING THE WEST 1. The Siege of Massilia 80 2. Spain – the surrender of Varro 88 3. Massilia capitulates 92 4. Africa – Curio's campaign 92 5. Curio's last stand 101 PART III: THE GREAT CONFRONTATION 1. Caesar in Italy – Pompey's preparations 106 2. Negotiations in Epirus 108 3. Trouble in Italy 116 4. Antony runs the gauntlet 117 5. The lieutenants in Macedon 121 6. Stalemate at Dyrrachium 123 7. Setbacks for Caesar 125 8. Caesar moves to Thessaly 135 9. Pompey follows 143 10. The battle of Pharsalus 147 11. The death of Pompey 149 12. Caesar at Alexandria 157 THE ALEXANDRIAN WAR I. EVENTS IN EGYPT 1. Military preparations 167 2. The water supply poisoned 169 3. Naval engagements 171 4. The last stages 180 II. EVENTS IN ASIA 186 III. EVENTS IN ILLYRICUM 190 IV. EVENTS IN SPAIN 194 V. CAESAR CHASTENS PHARNACES: ZELA 203 THE AFRICAN WAR 1. Initial landings in Africa 213 2. Waiting at Ruspina 213 3. Consolidation 222 4. Caesar takes the offensive 231 5. The Pompeians lose the initiative 237 6. Thapsus 246 7. The settlement of Africa 253 THE SPANISH WAR 1. Caesar pursues the Pompeians 257 2. The victory of Munda 265 3. 'Mopping-up' 279 282 NOTES The Civil War 289 The Alexandrian War 297 The African War 300 The Spanish War 302 APPENDIXES I. THE TEXT 305 II. THE ULTIMATE DECREE 312 III. PHARSALUS 317 IV. CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF THE CAREERS OF POMPEY AND CAESAR 320 GLOSSARY OF PERSONS AND PLACES 322 INDEX TO MAPS 351 MAPS AND SKETCH-PLANS 354 Map 1. Italy 2. The Western Mediterranean 3. Italy and the Eastern Mediterranean 4. Northern Greece Plan 1. The campaign of Dyrrachium 2. Alexandria 3. Thapsus