Edward Rosen was an American historian of science known for his work on early modern science and, in particular, Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, and Johannes Kepler, especially his translation of the complete works of Copernicus. He was a distinguished professor emeritus at the City University of New York and was the winner of two Guggenheim Fellowships, a Pfizer Award from the History of Science Society (1968), and the Gold Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland (1978).